\n\nResults. The majority of patients (93.7%) were symptomatic. Hemorrhage with resulting focal neurological deficit was the most common presentation in 53 patients (67%). Complete resection, as determined by postoperative MR imaging, was achieved in 76 patients (96.2%). Overall, the functional neurological status of patients improved after microsurgical dissection

at the time of discharge from the hospital and at follow-up. P-gp inhibitor At 6 months, 64 patients (81.0%) were improved relative to their preoperative condition and 14 patients (17.7%) were unchanged. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score <= 2, living independently) were achieved in 77 patients (97.4%). Multivariate analysis of demographic and surgical factors revealed that preoperative functional status was the only predictor of postoperative modified Rankin Scale score (OR 4.6, p = 0.001). Six patients (7.6%) had transient worsening of neurological examination after surgery, and 1 patient (1.3%) was permanently worse. There was no surgical mortality.\n\nConclusions.

The authors present a system of 13 microsurgical approaches to 6 location targets with 4 general trajectories to facilitate safe access to supratentorial CMs in eloquent brain regions. Favorable neurological outcomes following microsurgical resection justify an aggressive surgical attitude toward these lesions. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.5.JNS091159)”
“The authors aimed to clarify the effects of hypercapnic acidosis and its timing on gastric mucosal AZD2171 supplier oxygenation in a canine model of hemorrhage. This was designed as a prospective, controlled, randomized animal study set in a university research laboratory. Five chronically instrumented dogs were used. Dogs were repeatedly selleck anesthetized (sevoflurane 1.5 MAC), mechanically ventilated, and randomized to each of the following protocols. In a control series (CON), animals underwent hemorrhage during normoventilation (etCO(2), 35 mmHg). In a second series, hypercapnia (etCO(2), 70 mmHg)

was applied before onset of hemorrhage (prophylactic hypercapnia), whereas in the third series, hypercapnia was applied after hemorrhage (therapeutic hypercapnia, THE). Microvascular oxygenation (mu HbO(2)) of the gastric mucosa was continuously assessed by tissue reflectance spectrophotometry. Cardiac output was continuously measured, and oxygen delivery (DO2) was intermittently calculated. In CON, hemorrhage decreased DO2 (from 11 +/- 3 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) to 8 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) and 8 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) after 30 and 75 min, respectively) and mu HbO(2) (from 57% +/- 4% to 43% +/- 11% and 50% +/- 11%). Prophylactic hypercapnia attenuated the effects of hemorrhage on DO2 (12 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) to 10 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) and 11 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) and preserved mu HbO(2) (52% +/- 3% to 47% +/- 5% and 57% T 3%). Initial effects of hemorrhage in THE were comparable to CON (DO2 from 11 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) to 8 +/- 1 mL.kg(-1).