, Mg and Ca) at 500 °C had been investigated. The Mg+Mg₂Ca master alloy ended up being useful for the simultaneous addition of Mg and Ca into Cu. Due to the oxidation test, all analyzed samples showed fat gains that followed parabolic laws. Mg addition in Cu quite a bit slowed up the oxidation rate, while the use of the Mg+Mg₂Ca master alloy as an alloying factor for Mg led to an even additional reduction in the oxidation prices in the testing temperature. The period diagrams utilizing the oxygen partial pressure showed that the Ca and Mg-containing alloy lead to the formation of CaO once the main oxide and MgO due to the fact additional oxide. The improved oxidation resistance may be attributed to the mixed area layer genetic variability of CaO and MgO, which control the growth price of Cu₂O.In this research, the consequences of constituent phases in the oxidation kinetics of an Al-7 mass%Mg alloy containing a trace of Ca were investigated. A Mg+Al₂Ca master alloy had been utilized to add Mg and Ca simultaneously. Scheil-Gulliver cooling by thermodynamic calculation revealed that the addition of Ca generated the formation of Ca-based intermetallic compounds, such as for example Al₄Ca and Laves C36, after solidification. Considering body weight increase indicated because of the oxidation make sure surface evaluation, it had been discovered that the presence of Ca-based phases significantly improved the oxidation weight and slowed up the oxidation prices. On the basis of the report on stage diagrams with air limited stress by thermodynamic calculation, it was believed that within the initial oxidation, MgO and MgAl₂O₄ had been formed on the surfaces associated with the Al-Mg alloys, leading to further oxidation. The Ca-based intermetallic compounds created Ca-Mg-Al based oxides, which perhaps added to the development of a relatively thick oxide layer.In this study, the combined effect of Mg and Ca in the temperature oxidation behaviors of Zn-Mg based alloys containing trace Ca was investigated. Phase diagrams when it comes to oxygen limited force versus contents of constituent elements were carried out on the basis of thermodynamic calculations to predict oxide scale behavior. Observation of Zn-1/3/5 mass%Mg alloys revealed the distribution of a Zn-Zn11Mg₂ eutectic period after major formation. As-cast microstructures regarding the Ca-containing alloys included the forming of a Ca-based intermetallic period. The alteration in oxidation resistance with difference regarding the Mg and Ca contents was experimentally analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of trace Ca generated the synthesis of Zn13Ca and a CaO/MgO mixed oxide layer on top at 460 °C. After TGA at 460 °C under environment atmosphere for 1 h, the Ca-free alloys revealed rapid fat gain by oxidation, whereas the oxidation weight of this Ca-added alloys was substantially increased.In this research, utilizing the motivation of building low temperature sintered Pb-free ceramics to be used in piezoelectric actuators, 0.97(Na0.52K0.443Li0.037)(Nb0.923Sb0.04Ta0.037)O₃ – 0.03 (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9 (Sr)0.1ZrO₃ ceramics had been produced and their particular piezoelectric properties analyzed. All specimens doped with boron oxide revealed a normal pure perovskite framework. The ceramics with x = 0.1 structure showed a co-existence of R-T phases. When boron oxide is doped at 0.1 wt%, exceptional real properties of d33 = 270 pC/N ε r = 1386, kp = 0.416, and Qm = 130 had been acquired making the porcelain perfect for used in piezoelectric actuators.In this study, the correlation of surface oxidation and Mg-based intermetallic levels in the grain boundary in Al-Mg alloys containing third elements had been investigated. The experimental outcomes were examined by stage diagrams plotted as a function of oxygen partial pressure determined by thermodynamic calculation. The inclusion of Si and Cu as third elements in to the Al-7 mass%Mg alloy formed Mg-based additional stages during solidification. The 1 mass% Cu addition formed three various kinds of Mg-based intermetallic substances. From body weight gains by oxidation, all examples exhibited their weight gains according to time. The Si-added alloy showed a considerably reduced weight gain and maintained a nearly continual weight, whilst the fat gain regarding the Al-7 mass%Mg-1 mass%Cu alloy ended up being dramatically more than those of other alloys. MgO and MgAl₂O4- spinel were the key oxides that formed the oxide scale in every analyzed alloys. Si inclusion formed the multi-element oxide including Mg and Si.In this research, the qualities of commercially pure titanium (hereinafter called as CP-Ti)/Steel joints, brazed with Zr-Ti-Ni amorphous filler material were examined. The effects of brazing temperature and time in the microstructure and joining power of the CP-Ti/Steel joints were examined. It had been observed that Ti diffused into stainless steel substrate formed a brittle response zone, which included intermetallic substances, such as for example τ (Ti5Cr7Fe17), (Fe, -Ni)Ti, and FeTi, noticed during the combined program. While the brazing heat and time increased, the width for the response Daclatasvir cost layer when you look at the joint ended up being Medicinal biochemistry seen to increase. To suppress the oxidation for the substrates, the experiment was carried out at a cooling and heating speed of 100 °C/min, under a vacuum of 5×10-5 torr. The joining strength had been seen becoming substantially suffering from the brazing problems, such as temperature and duration time. The shear strength test indicated that the strength increased for 15 min then greatly decreased.