In addition, the PS-induced increase in sEPSC frequency was completely CFTRinh-172 occluded by transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blockers. These data suggest that PS increases spontaneous glutamate release onto acutely isolated hilar neurons via presynaptic CICR, which was triggered by the influx of Ca2+ through presynaptic TRP channels. The PS-induced modulation of excitatory transmission onto hilar

neurons could have a broad impact on the excitability of hilar neurons and affect the pathophysiological functions mediated by the hippocampus. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We evaluated the accuracy of detrusor wall thickness and intravesical prostatic protrusion, and the association of each test to diagnose bladder prostatic obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Materials and Methods: We enrolled in the study 100 consecutive patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Baseline parameters were International Prostate Symptom Score, prostate volume, urinary flow rate, intravesical

prostatic protrusion, detrusor wall thickness, Schaefer obstruction class, minimal urethral opening pressure and the urethral resistance algorithm bladder outlet obstruction index. A ROC curve was produced to calculate AUC and evaluate the diagnostic performance of intravesical prostatic protrusion, detrusor wall thickness and prostate volume for bladder prostatic obstruction.

Results: We noted a highly significant correlation between intravesical Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor prostatic protrusion and the bladder outlet obstruction index (Spearman’s rho = 0.49, p = 0.001), and Schaefer obstruction class

(Spearman’s rho = 0.51, p = 0.001). A highly significant dipyridamole correlation was also observed for detrusor wall thickness and the bladder outlet obstruction index (Spearman’s rho = 0.57, p = 0.001), detrusor wall thickness and Schaefer obstruction class (Spearman’s rho = 0.432, p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis intravesical prostatic protrusion and detrusor wall thickness were the only parameters associated with bladder prostatic obstruction (p = 0.015). The AUC for intravesical prostatic protrusion was 0.835 (95% CI 0.756-0.915) and for detrusor wall thickness it was 0.845 (95% CI 0.78-0.91). The association of intravesical prostatic protrusion and detrusor wall thickness produced the best diagnostic accuracy (87%) when the 2 tests were done consecutively.

Conclusions: Suprapubic ultrasound of detrusor wall thickness and intravesical prostatic protrusion is a simple, noninvasive, accurate system to assess bladder prostatic obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.