01. The decomposed IMFs are given in Figure 3a�Cd, respectively. The impact component and the high-frequency sinusoidal component are successfully decomposed into IMFs c1 and c2. However, the low-frequency sinusoidal wave is split into two IMFs c3 and c4. That is to say, the mode mixing appears in lower frequency components. It is probably because the added noise is too large and destroys the extrema distribution of lower frequency components, leading to the mode mixing.Figure 2.The decomposed result with the added noise amplitude of 0.001.Figure 3.The decomposed result with the added noise amplitude of 0.01.Based on the simulation results, it is observed that in the process of EMD, high and low frequency components have different sensitivity to the intensity of the noise to be added in the investigated signal.

The original EEMD method, however, adopts the constant noise amplitude and sifting number for all frequency components. Therefore, the problem of mode mixing is not overcome well and the performance of EEMD needs to be improved further.3.?The Proposed Adaptive Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition3.1. The Proposed MethodIn this section, an adaptive EEMD is proposed to further improve the original EEMD in solving the problem of mode mixing. In this method, according to different sensitivity of high and low frequency components to noise, larger noise and more s
Every year, millions of young children die of common diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea [1], in most cases due to the onset and progression of an inflammatory state of the body called sepsis.

Sepsis affects the ability of the lungs to transfer oxygen to the hemoglobin molecules in the blood, which is essential for the function of cells in the body. A short interruption in the supply of oxygen will impair cellular function, and a sustained interruption will rapidly cause cellular injury and eventually death. Detection of reduced oxygen levels in the blood is therefore a key indicator of patients requiring immediate intervention.Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive optical sensing technology that is able to measure arterial oxygen saturation. This technology has contributed significantly to reducing the risk of death associated with anesthesia Dacomitinib and surgery. The pulse oximeter has become a standard monitoring device in modern hospitals [2,3], mandatory in North America, much of Europe and many other regions around the world. However, there are still locations globally where pulse oximeters are not routinely used during anesthesia, as they are not available, and an estimated 77,000 operating rooms worldwide are without oximeters [4]. The World Health Organization (WHO) is addressing this shortfall through the Global Oximetry (GO) initiative [5,6].