1). These results are consistent with previous reports that BCG-challenged mice no longer exhibited significant sickness symptoms by Day 6 ( Moreau et al., 2008 and Platt et al., 2013). Deficits in locomotor activity in BCG-induced mice were nearly resolved ATM/ATR mutation by Day 1 and were non-significant by Day 7 ( Platt et al., 2013 and Kelley et al., 2013). One

study reported borderline non-significant differences in locomotor activity by Day 7 in C57BL/6N mice ( Painsipp et al., 2013) meanwhile a different study using C57BL/6J mice reported non-significant differences in rearing yet significant differences in horizontal locomotor activity after Day 7 ( O’Connor et al., 2009). Another study using BALB/c mice found non-significant differences in total distance traveled by Day 14 post-challenge, although differences were still significant by Day 7 ( Vijaya Kumar et al., 2014). The results from the univariate linear model analysis indicated a significant

(P-value <0.0336; R2 = 71%) BCG-treatment effect on tail suspension immobility. In particular, a significant (P-value <0.0363) difference in mobility between BCG-treated and non-treated groups was detected. These results are consistent with previous reports that immobility measured by tail suspension test persisted beyond sickness behaviors after Day 7 ( Moreau et al., 2008, O’Connor et al., 2009, Platt et al., 2013, Kelley et al., 2013 and Vijaya et al., 2014). A borderline significant (P-value >0.09; R2 = 59%) difference between BCG-treated and non-treated mice groups was detected for forced swim immobility. Mice in the BCG0 group selleck chemicals llc remained immobile less time than BCG-treated mice and the immobility of BCG5 mice was closer to BCG10 BCKDHA than to BCG0 mice. The trends for sucrose preference followed a similar pattern albeit non-significant (P-value >0.1). Mice in the BCG0 group exhibited higher sucrose consumption than BCG-treated mice and the sucrose consumption by the BCG5 mice was closer to BCG10 than to BCG0 mice.

These findings are consistent with a previous report of non-significant differences in forced swim and sucrose preference indicators between BCG-treated and saline groups ( Moreau et al., 2008). Similar to weight change, the application of multivariate analyses to the three depression-like indicators demonstrated the potential of this approach for to account for the correlation between indicators and to augment the analytical precision. A significant effect of BCG-treatment group on all three depression-like indicators and a significant difference between BCG-treated and non-treated groups was detected (Roy’s greatest Root P-value <0.036). This association was identified despite the higher number of estimated parameters in the multivariate analysis compared to the univariate analyses and despite that the univariate analysis detected a non-significant association.