44 Therapy for or prevention of MetS, including lifestyle change and medications, may also play a role in decreasing

nocturia. Further study will be required. The individual components of MetS (obesity, diabetes, HT, and dyslipidemia) can be independent risk factors. Our epidemiological survey also showed that the risk for nocturia significantly increases with a higher number of MetS components. Nocturia is associated MetS or MetS components. Individual components of MetS may interact with each other. Our progestogen antagonist results indicate that nocturia can be a marker of not only MetS but also the precursor of MetS. Clinicians may need to consider MetS and its precursor in the differential diagnosis of nocturia. Patients need to recognize that nocturia can be a sign of lifestyle-related or other chronic disease. The authors declare no conflict of interest. “
“The aims of this study were to compare the impact of urodynamic training on the young urologists after fellowship training as well as on senior urologists who attend regular courses on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and their capacity to do and interpret urodynamic studies. Sixty-four consecutive young urologists admitted to fellowship program on voiding dysfunctions Compound Library clinical trial and 110 senior urologists attending to periodical meetings were interviewed before and after the 3-day-courses regarding their ability to set, interpret through and do urodynamic studies. They were

also questioned on the reasons that led them to attend the courses and how they use the new concepts

to manage BPH. A rank of the used parameters to indicate transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in BPH patients were scored before and after the course. Fellowship and senior urologists mainly attended the course because of lack of confidence and belief that this urological issue is too important to be disregarded. A significant portion of both groups do not trust third-party examiners. More than 90% of the urologists acquired confidence in interpreting, setting and were able to do the exam after the course. The majority of both groups believed urodynamic study was essential to manage BPH, disregarding volume as the main reason to operate on patients. Many outdated parameters became less important on the decision to operate. Doctors exposed to intensive or long urodynamic training dramatically changed their perceptions on the utility of this tool and became more attentive it. Urodynamic exams became the gold-standard procedure to evaluate patients with voiding dysfunction being the only objective functional test on the relationship of bladder and urethra.[1] Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) benefits most with the use of this tool to clarify the source of clinical symptoms since there is wide acknowledgement that infravesical obstruction, prostate enlargement and clinical picture do not match perfectly with overlapping areas among them.