7,23 Although patient selection bias for IFN treatment versus no treatment had been noted in the previous studies, the results suggest the possibility that IFN therapy reduces the development of HCC in HCV patients. Several historical data in Japan suggest that IFN therapy reduces the development of HCC in HCV patients.24-26 Second, HCC occurred with statistical significance when the following characteristics were present: non-SVR, advanced age, cirrhosis, TAI of

≥200 kg, male sex, and T2DM. T2DM caused a 1.73-fold enhancement in HCC development. Sotrastaurin in vivo Several authors have reported an increased risk of HCC among patients with the following characteristics: non-SVR, cirrhosis, male sex, advanced age, and T2DM.24-28 this website Our results show that physicians in charge of aged male patients with non-SVR, advanced fibrosis, TAI of ≥200 kg, and T2DM should pay attention to the development of HCC after IFN therapy. In addition, maintaining a mean HbA1c level of <7.0% during follow-up reduced

the development of HCC. This result indicates that stringent control of T2DM is important for protecting the development of HCC. Third, the development rate of HCC per 1,000 person years was about 1.55 in 1,751 patients with chronic hepatitis at baseline and SVR. In these patients, the risk factors associated with HCC were advanced age, male sex, TAI, and T2DM. We compared the HCC development rate in patients with chronic hepatitis at baseline and SVR to the general population. A total of 5,253 individuals without HCV antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen,

who underwent annual multiphasic health screening examinations in our hospital were evaluated as controls. Individuals with either of the following criteria were excluded: (1) illness that could seriously reduce their life expectancy or (2) history of carcinogenesis. They were selected by matching 3:1 with patients who had chronic hepatitis at baseline and SVR for age, sex, T2DM, and follow-up periods. In control individuals, the mean age was 51.7 years; the prevalence (number) MCE of male patients was 61.8% (3,246); the prevalence (number) of T2DM patients was 4.2% (222); the mean follow-up period was 8.0 years. The number of development of HCC in control individuals was only five. This result suggests that the development rate of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis at baseline and SVR is higher than that in the general population. Fourth, HCC accounted for 33.3% in SVR patients and 73.6% in non-SVR patients. According to Matsuda et al.,29 the outbreak of malignancies in the Japanese male population was observed in the following order in 2005: gastric cancer 20.4% > colon cancer 16.0% > lung cancer 15.4% > prostate cancer 10.9% > HCC 7.4%. On the other hand, the outbreak of malignancies in the Japanese female population was observed in the following order in 2005: breast cancer 18.0% > colon cancer 16.2% > gastric cancer 13.6% > lung cancer 9.3% > uterine cancer 6.8%.