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“Achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermal and transdemal products. The use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. The aim of this study was to develop Clotrimazole gel and to evaluate the effect of almond oil

and tween 80 (in different concentrations), on the permeation of drug through rabbit skin in vitro. In order to investigate the effect of penetration enhancers used in this study on the permeation of Clotrimazole through sections of excised rabbit skin, Franz diffusion cell was employed. Sample solution was withdrawn at specific CX-5461 purchase time interval up to 24 h. Significant difference in permeation among the eight formulations was seen in the study. The permeation profile of various formulations also showed that the added enhancers in individual batches affected the permeation of the drug. Drug permeation increased with increased concentration of Tween 80 and decreased concentration of almond oil. Furthermore, almond oil combined with tween 80 showed synergistic effect. The clotrimazole gels were successfully formulated and could be beneficial for topical use.”
“Aim. We sought to investigate

the prevalence and correlates of severe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in relation to age in a large cohort of essential hypertensives referred to a single outpatient hypertension clinic. Methods. A total of 3752 (mean age 53 +/-

13 years, 53% Selleckchem Sepantronium men) untreated (29.5%) and treated hypertensive patients categorized in three age groups (I: 18-40 years; II: 41-64 years; III: >= 65 years) were considered for this analysis. All patients underwent extensive investigations searching for target organ damage. LVH, defined as LV mass >= 49/45 g/m(2.7) in men/women, respectively, was graded as mild, moderate and severe according to Lang’s report. Results. LVH prevalence was 29.4% in group I, 48.2% in group II and 63.6% in group III. Overall, more than one fourth of patients with LVH had a severely increased LV mass index; the likelihood of having severe LVH was two-and four-fold higher in elderly hypertensives than in their middle-aged and young counterparts, Selleckchem Tucidinostat respectively. Increasing age and LVH degree were both associated with a greater prevalence of concentric LV geometry as well as of extra-cardiac organ damage (i.e. carotid intima-media thickness). Conclusions. LVH is a highly prevalent organ damage in essential hypertensives, particularly in the elderly, who exhibited a more severe increase of LV mass index, higher relative wall thickness and extra-cardiac organ damage compared with young and middle-aged sub-groups. Our findings suggest that the assessment of cardiovascular risk by grading LVH rather than simply defi ning the presence/absence of this cardiac phenotype could improve therapeutic strategies in the hypertensive population, particularly in the elderly.