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“Background: The majority of opioid-dependent individuals in the US in need of drug treatment are not receiving it. It would be useful to understand the characteristics of individuals entering and failing to enter methadone treatment.

Methods: Participants were opioid-dependent adults in Baltimore Maryland recruited from new admissions to one of six methadone treatment programs (n = 351) and from the streets from among non-treatment seekers (n = 164). At study enrollment, participants were administered the Addiction Severity Index, AIDS Risk Assessment, Community Assessment Inventory, Attitudes toward Methadone Scale, Motivation for Treatment Scale and

a urine drug test. A series of logistic regression check details analyses were conducted to determine the best model to predict treatment entry.

Results: The final logistic regression analysis showed that predictors of treatment entry included: being African-American, being on parole or probation, having lower rates of self-reported cocaine use and criminal activity, higher employment functioning, and greater perceptions

of support from family and community for behavioral change. In addition, in-treatment participants were more likely to have a more extensive prior history of drug abuse treatment, greater desire to seek help in coping with their drug problem, and more positive view of methadone.

Conclusions: The distinctions between those entering and those not pursuing MTP entry have significance for the structure of outreach programs and reaffirm the need to supplement the current practices MNK inhibitor of voluntary and coerced treatment entry with one of encouraged treatment entry through selleck compound outreach. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Cognitive decline in degenerative dementia is paralleled by progressive brain atrophy, with the localization of atrophy reflecting specific cognitive impairment. Confrontation

naming deficits are frequently observed in dementia across etiologies. In this study we aimed to identify the brain regions underlying this deficit. In patients with clinically diagnosed dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) we investigated the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) and performance on a standardized confrontation naming test. 268 patients with one of three probable etiologies were included: Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD), AD with signs of cerebrovascular pathology, and frontotemporal dementia. Applying voxel-based morphometry using a diffeomorphic registration algorithm we contrasted GMV of patients performing within the normal range with those of patients with pathological performance. Further, differential effects of gray matter atrophy on impaired performance in AD versus MCI of AD type were investigated. Results revealed significantly reduced GMV in the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in pathological performers compared to normal performers. The subgroup analysis confined to MCI of AD type and AD patients confirmed this relationship.