(C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The male nipple-areola-complex (NAC) is a residual organ without physiologic functions in the male. It possesses similar hormone sensitivity and sexual sensitivity as the female organ. The location of the NAC on the chest wall with respect to other surface features is relevant for the male appearance.

All known disseminated skin diseases may involve the nipple and areola. A number of specific localized diseases have been described in the literature, such as mammillary eczema, check details demodicidosis, lymphadenosis cutis benigna, nevoid hyperkeratosis, and thelalgia. Special attention is required if nipple discharge is observed. Areolar

sebaceous hyperplasia and nearly all kinds of benign cutaneous tumors occur on the nipple and areola. selleckchem Malignant tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, Paget disease and other forms of breast cancer may also be found. In addition, aberrant mammary tissue may occur with a broad clinical spectrum, while absence of the nipple is an unusual observation and occurs in rare syndromes. The association of aberrant

mammary tissue with urinary tract malformations has not been confirmed.”
“There are many anti-neoplastic agents in cancer treatment. Combination regimens are often the main standard treatment, particularly for gastrointestinal malignancies. The introduction Of new regimens that combine fluoropyrimidines with irinotecan or oxaliplatin and recently also with antibodies against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (cetuximab and panitumumab) and against the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (bevacizumab) pathways, has dramatically improved the Progression free Survival and survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This rapid extension of available anti-neoplastic drugs has, however, also highlighted the urgent need for clinicians to better understand and

identify the spectrum of acute and late toxicities of these drugs. Acute and long-term adverse effects are inherent to non-surgical cancer treatment using chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, which call profoundly affect the gastrointestinal tract leading to a wide spectrum Of acute and late toxicities. An improved knowledge of the aetiology, incidence, supportive measures and of the prevention of these toxicities is warranted to improve patient care. We herein review and discuss the main acute and late gastrointestinal https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD7762.html toxicities of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We have developed a convenient cell-based assay method using a microchip. In the method, adhesive cells, HepG2, were cultured in the conventional culture dish containing glass disks and then the disks covered with the HepG2 were transferred to the microchip for cell assay. Activity of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD), which is mainly mediated by cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), in HepG2 was measured.