Conclusions A delicate balance between innate and adaptive immunity is required for efficient functioning of the immune system. This balance is important in cancer immunity, immune response against pathogens, and avoiding hypersensitivity reactions [20]. In this study, we have demonstrated that carbon dots could adjust the immune function of BALB/c mice by inducing Th1 and Tc responses. However, these effects were see more not enough to induce the morphological change of immune organs. The mechanism by which carbon dots modulate the immune system remains unclear. More systematic and profound studies are needed, and the pertinent testing guidelines for immunological evaluation of nanoparticles need to be formulated

quickly. Acknowledgments We are grateful for the financial support from the 973 Program. This work was supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB933904), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170961,81101169) and Biomedical

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