e. resistance training session 1 which occurred post B2; here, one week after B2 participants performed a single bout of resistance training and were tested 48 hours after this bout of exercise), and finally S3 (i.e. resistance training session 3 which occurred after S1; here, upon completion of three weeks of weekly eccentric resistance training (including S1) participants were tested 48 hours

after the final training session). Three participants did not complete the entire experimental protocol resulting in data presented for EPA (N = 7) and placebo (N = 10). Participants were tested in the afternoon within the same two-hour window each day to minimise selleck products any impact of the circadian rhythm on the physical capacities of the participants [25]. Supplementation EPA supplementation was two 1000 mg softgel caps of omega-3, containing in total for the 2 gels 360 mg of EPA (18%) (MyProtein, Manchester, UK). This is twice the minimum dose as recommended by the American Heart Association. The placebo group received two 1000 mg softgel caps of lecithin (MyProtein, Manchester, UK). Participants were asked to take the capsules daily with a

meal. Training Programme Training intervention took place between 14:00 – 18:00 in an attempt to ensure optimal muscle performance [26, 27] and thus potentially maximise DOMS. Upon completion of appropriate warm up, Selleckchem Pevonedistat participants completed four exercises (See Figure 1) including walking lunges (with free weights), straight leg dead lifts (with free weights), leg extension (with a leg-extension machine; Pulse 562E class ‘s’ 8/88. Pulse-fitness, Congleton, England), and leg flexion (with a leg CHIR-99021 flexion machine; Pulse 562E class ‘s’ 8/88. Pulse-fitness, Congleton, England). Participants 1RM was pre-determined at the beginning of each training session, after which participants completed three sets of ten repetitions once a week working at 70% of their pre-determined 1RM over 45 minutes. Each repetition was completed within six seconds including concentric, isometric and eccentric phases. With Tariquidar mw regards to the progression of loading during training, for all three resistance training

sessions (i.e. at S1, one week after S1 and at S3) participants’ 1RM (for each of the four exercises) was determined at the beginning of the session. Participants then worked at 70% of the newly determined 1RM, thereby ensuring a load progression relative to the preceding training session. Thus, overall, each training session lasted 60 minutes including 1RM assessments and 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each of four exercises. This was similar to a protocol used elsewhere in previous research [28], designed to ensure muscle damage would occur. Figure 1 Resistance exercise, A – leg flexion, B – leg extension, C – straight leg dead lifts, D – walking lunges (Authorised use of photos from a study participant, personal communication, April 26 2010).