In addition, the ZnO-Ag2O composite shows higher photocatalytic activity than the pure components, ZnO Givinostat in vivo and Ag2O. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of pure Ag2O, ZnO, and Ag2O/ZnO selleck chemicals llc composites with variable contents are shown in Figure 4c. Obviously, the absorption in the UV range is gradually quenched, while there is an obvious increase in the visible light range with the elevated loading of Ag2O. As for the UV light-excited photocatalytic process, the ability of UV light absorption is crucial for the effective excitation of photoinduced electron and holes. Thus,

the photocatalytic activity would be determined by both the quantity of excited photoinduced carriers and the effective separation Blasticidin S in vitro process in the inner electric field. Figure 4 Different experiments conducted to ZnO, Ag 2 O, and ZnO-Ag 2 O composites. Photocatalytic degradation of MO in the presence of (a) pure ZnO, pure Ag2O, and ZnO-Ag2O composites under UV light irradiation; (b) different weight ratios of ZnO and Ag2O in 90 min; and (c) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of pure Ag2O, ZnO, and Ag2O/ZnO composites with variable contents.

Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements are widely used to characterize semiconductor nanoparticles, which possess a broad range of absorption, narrow emissions with high quantum yields, and size-tunable emission wavelength. The emission spectra of pure ZnO and ZnO-Ag2O composites excited at the emission peak Methocarbamol of 325 nm are given in Figure 5. The photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO is composed of two emission bands: a near band edge emission positioned in the UV range and a visible emission band resulting from the defects [22, 23]. Both the composite sample and pure ZnO present a band edge emission peak centered at 380 nm, while the band edge emission intensity of pure ZnO is drastically quenched by the increased loading of Ag2O particles, indicating the existence of a direct interaction between Ag2O and ZnO enhancing the nonirradiative relaxation of excitons formed in ZnO. The results demonstrate that the Ag2O particles

block both direct and trap-related charge carrier recombination pathways since Ag2O particles on the ZnO surface can extract electrons from the conduction band of ZnO and act as a sink which can store and shuttle photogenerated electrons [14, 15]. Figure 5 PL spectra of pure ZnO, pure Ag 2 O, and ZnO-Ag 2 O composite at room temperature. As shown in Figure 6, the schematic band structure of the synthesized ZnO-Ag2O composite was proposed to discuss the possible process of the photocatalytic degradation of MO. When the catalysts are excited by ultraviolet light irradiation, electrons (e−) in the valence band (VB) can be excited to the conduction band (CB) with simultaneous generation of the same amount of holes (h+) in the VB, as demonstrated in Equations 2 and 3.