Materials and methods In each experiment, rats received four conditioning trials in this website which they were injected with lithium chloride immediately before placement in a distinctive odor-laced
context. During testing, in experiment 1, rats were injected with vehicle (VEH), 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg CBD 30 min before placement in the context previously paired with nausea and in experiment 2, rats were injected with VEH, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg URB 2 h before placement in the context. Additional groups evaluated the ability of the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, SR141716A, to reverse the suppressive effects of URB. Experiment 3 measured the potential of URB to interfere with the establishment of conditioned gaping.
Results When administered before testing, CBD (1 and 5, but not 10 mg/kg) and URB (0.3, but not 0.1 mg/kg) suppressed conditioned gaping. The effect
of URB was reversed by pre-treatment with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, SR141716A. When administered before conditioning, P5091 mouse URB also interfered with the establishment of conditioned gaping.
Conclusions Manipulations of the EC system may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of AN.”
“Objectives: To report incidence, indication, and timing of reinterventions after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and identify subgroups most prone to reinterventions.
Methods: Between January 1997 and March 2010, a total of 264 patients received TEVAR in our institution. During follow-up, 58 patients (39 men, median age 63 years, range 28-87 years) selleck chemicals llc required a total of 68 reinterventions, which represent the study population of this retrospective, single center analysis. The mean follow-up of all 264 patients was 31.2 months (range 0-141 months).
Results: The overall reintervention rate was 22%: 1-, 3-, and 5-year free reintervention
rates were 82% +/- 3%, 74% +/- 3%, and 70% +/- 4%, respectively. Indications for reintervention were predominately endoleaks (41%) and progression of the underlying aortic disease (29%). Reinterventions were performed by endovascular means in 44%, by open repair in 35% (including 11 conversions), and by hybrid procedures in 21%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed patients with chronic expanding aortic dissections (odds ratio [OR]: 2.35), hybrid aortic procedures (OR: 2.11), and connective tissue diseases (OR: 7.54) at an increased risk for reintervention. The necessity for reintervention did not influence survival in this cohort (log-rank test P = .1706).
Conclusions: TEVAR is associated with a relevant reintervention rate, predominately caused by endoleaks and progression of the aortic pathology. Patients with chronic expanding aortic dissections, hybrid aortic procedures, and connective tissue diseases are at an increased risk for reintervention and should therefore undergo close follow-up. (J Vase Surg 2011;53:1528-33.