posthuma. All authors have none to declare. The authors are grateful to Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India for providing the necessary research facilities. “
“Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder resulting in obstinate elevation of blood glucose under both fasting and postprandial conditions resulting in micro and macro vascular complications.1 The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally and is prophesied to increase by twofold from 150 million

in the year 2000 to 300 million by the year 2030.2 The uncharacteristic regulation of glucose metabolism that results from a malfunctioning/scarce insulin secretion is the key pathogenic event in diabetes mellitus. The term diabetes is from the Greek word “diabaineine” refers a tubular organ that take-in or expels water – excessive Selleckchem ZVADFMK urine discharges disease. In 1675, Thomas Willis added mellitus (means “honey” in Latin) to the word diabetes and called it as diabetes mellitus, which refers to too much of sweet

urine. Matthew Dobson in 1776 confirmed that diabetic’s urine and blood have excess sugar that contributes to its sweet taste.3 Natural products, such as plants extract, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide find more unlimited prospects for new drug discoveries because of the unequaled availability of chemical diversity.4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of the world’s population trusts on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. The use of herbal treatments in Asia exemplifies a long history of human connections with the environment. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as infectious diseases.5 Due to the progress of adverse effects and microbial resistance to the chemically synthesized drugs, men turned to ethnopharmacognosy.

They found literally thousands of phytochemicals from plants as safe and broadly effective alternatives with less contrary effect. Many beneficial biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, analgesic and wound healing science activity were reported. In many cases the people claim the good benefit of certain natural or herbal products. However, clinical trials are necessary to establish the effectiveness of a bioactive compound to authenticate this traditional claim. Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), commonly called Mengkudu or Noni or Indian mulberry, is a small evergreen tree or shrub of Polynesian origin. 6 The tree bears a lumpy, green to yellowish-white fruit, normally 5–10 cm in length, with a surface covered in polygonal-shaped sections.