RESULTS: Drug diffusion coefficients were: 1.38 . 10(-8)-m(2) s(-1) for Lidocaine hydrochloride and 5.96 . 10(-9)m(-2) s(-1) for Dihydroquercetin, while corresponding effective diffusion coefficients from hydrogels were: 7.82 . 10(-10)m(2) s(-1) and 7.98 . 10(-10)m(2) s(-1), respectively. Effective click here diffusion coefficients from liposome-containing hydrogels were:4.82
. 10(-10)m(2) s(-1) (Lidocaine hydrochloride) and 4.305 . 10(-10)m(2) s(-1) (Dihydroquercetin). Diffusion resistances for the two hydrogels were almost the same. Very similar values of diffusion resistances for all liposome dispersions were obtained.
CONCLUSION: Calculated diffusion coefficients and resistances demonstrate that liposomes, as drug carriers, significantly affect diffusion rates. The results obtained could be used whenever
diffusion-controlled drug release is required. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective: The aim of this retrospective clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on skeletal nasal cavity size in growing subjects by use of low dose computer tomography.
Methods: Eight Caucasian children (three male: five female) with a mean age of 9.7 years (SD +/- 1.41) were the final sample of this research that underwent palatal expansion as a first phase of orthodontic treatment. The maxillary expander was banded to the upper first molars and was activated according a rapid maxillary MI-503 nmr expansion protocol. Low-dose computer tomography examinations of maxilla and of the low portion of nasal cavity were performed before inserting the maxillary expander (T0) and at the end of retention (T1), 7 months later. A low-dose computer tomography protocol was applied during the exams. Image processing
Selleck PD-L1 inhibitor was achieved in 3 steps: reslicing; dental and skeletal measurements; skeletal nasal volume computing. A set of reproducible skeletal and dental landmarks were located in the coronal passing through the first upper right molar furcation. Using the landmarks, a set of transverse linear measurements were identified to estimate maximum nasal width and nasal floor width. To compute the nasal volume the lower portion of the nasal cavity was set as region of interest. Nasal volume was calculated using a set of coronal slices. In each coronal slice, the cortical bone of the nasal cavity was identified and selected with a segmentation technique. Dependent T-tests were used to evaluate changes due to expansion. For all tests, a significance level of P < 0.05 was used.
Results: Rapid maxillary expansion produced significant increases of linear transverse skeletal measurements, these increments were bigger in the lower portion of the nasal cavities: nasal floor width (+3.15 mm; SD +/- 0.99), maximum nasal width (+2.47 mm; SD +/- 0.99).