Second, bullying behavior was cautiously measured, asking about particular acts rather than

asking about bullying perpetration in general. This type of bullying assessment Bioactive Compound Library is important to assure reliable data, as “bullying” is a foreign word, with no appropriate translation into Portuguese. Finally, differently from most studies that investigate only the mother, the present study investigated disciplinary practices from both parents. Since the father may constitute a substantial share of child discipline, it was considered important to include information on the fathers’ use of discipline as well. Pediatricians, family practitioners, and primary care nurses should advise parents about child disciplinary practices, and help them to find the best and most positive way to discipline their children. In a broader field, prevention programs should not neglect the important role of parenting in bullying perpetration. Project funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), and Fundação de Amparo

a Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS-HCPA). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. “
“The increase in childhood obesity is currently the focus of great global concern, as it is considered an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.1 It is estimated that http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html 43 million children (35 million in developing countries) are overweight, and that 92 million are at risk of overweight.2 In Brazil, data show that in 2008, 20% of children between 5 and 9 years were overweight.2 In Rio Grande do Sul, a recent study of children and adolescents demonstrated that 30% of this population was overweight or obese.3 This fact directly contributes to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood.4, 5 and 6 A cohort study with 276,835 Danish schoolchildren aged

7 to 13 years showed that children with BMI > 85th percentile have an increased risk of cardiovascular events in adulthood. In this same scenario, it is worth selleck antibody mentioning that there are other risk factors independent from weight in adulthood. These include smoking, physical inactivity, hypertension, and the individual’s quality of life,7 factors strongly related to cardiovascular diseases. With the increase in chronic diseases and the emergence of a proposal based on health promotion in the last 25 years, the concept of health promotion has been thoroughly discussed, and has become a challenge for the scientific community.8 Recently published data demonstrated that, in Brazil, 72.4% of the population has some type of chronic illness, of which 31.3% are cardiovascular diseases.