Table 3 Demographic characteristics of the study population and their association

with spoligotype clustering   Spoligotyping patterns     Parameter Clustered Unique OR (95%CI) p-value SC79 nmr Sex         Male 115 20 1.23 0.75 Female 56 12 (0.52 -2.88)   Age 1         <35 years 96 18 0.94 0.97 >35 years 74 13 (0.40 – 2.17)   Tuberculosis localization         Pulmonary 164 29 2.42 0.20 Extra-pulmonary 7 3 (0.46 – 11.30)   HIV status         Positive 24 6     Negative 36 7 NA2 0.76 Unknown 111 19     DST profile         Any Resistance 27 2 2.81 0.27 Susceptible 144 30 (0.60- 18.09)   1 Age information was missing for 2 out of 203 patients. 2 NA = Not applicable The distribution of the spoligotype families between the two groups of isolates characterized was very similar to the overall distribution within the country, as shown in Figure 2. The overall proportion of clustered strains in this study was 84%, with a clustering rate of 80% in group I isolates and 87% in group II isolates. Figure 2 Distribution of the spoligotype families. N: total number of strains belonging to each spoligotype family. Group I: strains isolated between 1994 and 1998.Group II: strains isolated in 2002. LAM: Latin American Mediterranean. U: unknown. Discussion This study included a total of 206 M. tuberculosis

strains isolated from the same number of patients in Honduras and were collected during two different time periods (1994-1998 and 2002). All isolates were spoligotyped in order to identify Quisinostat mouse the predominant genotypes within this subpopulation, as well as to compare the distribution of genotypes isothipendyl to the spoligotypes recorded in the SITVIT2 proprietary database of the Institut Pasteur

de la Guadeloupe. In Honduras, the LAM family was the most prevalent, with more than 50% of all patient isolates characterized belonging to this specific genotype. Thereafter the Haarlem and T clades were most common. The remaining genotypes contributed to only 13% of all isolates. These www.selleckchem.com/products/verubecestat.html results are similar to previous studies in which these three genotypes have been seen to be predominant among TB cases in Mexico [22], South America [23–28] and the Caribbean [29]. However, there is limited information available regarding Central American MTC isolates, of which most information is based on TB cases detected among Central American immigrants in United States [30] and Canada [31]. Therefore, our study is providing a first characterization of the distribution of TB isolates within Honduras. Establishing such a baseline distribution of isolates will be useful for future genotyping investigations in Honduras as well as neighboring Central American countries. According to the more recent genotype classification, which is based on large sequence polymorphisms in the MTC genome [30], the Euro-American lineage comprises the LAM, Haarlem, T and X spoligotyping-defined families.