“
“The chain segment motion and charge detrapping in polyamide 610 films have been investigated by means of thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. There are three current peaks (namely a, ?1, and ?2 Selleckchem 5-Fluoracil peaks) in the TSDC spectra above room temperature. a peak is attributed to a dipole relaxation by the motion of chain segments ?1 peak is caused by space charge trapped in amorphous phase and the interphase
between crystalline and amorphous phases, and ?2 peak is brought about by space charge trapped in crystalline phase. By analyzing the characteristic parameters of these peaks, it is found that annealing induces the decrease of chain segment mobility and promotes the creation
of structural traps in polyamide 610. The decrease of chain segment mobility in amorphous phase makes intensity of a peak weak and activation energy increscent. The higher the annealing temperature, the higher the degree of crystallinity, the more the charge carriers trapped in crystalline phase. So, the increase of degree of crystallinity makes intensity of ?2 peak strong and increases the stability of trapped charge CA3 molecular weight in the crystalline phase. The increase of annealing temperature makes intensity of ?1 peak strong and decreases the stability of trapped charge in the amorphous phase and interphase. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011″
“Study Design. A clinical prospective study.
Objective. To assess whether clinical and radiologic outcomes differ between anterior decompression and fusion (ADF) and laminoplasty (LAMP) in Tozasertib purchase the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).
Summary of Background Data. No reports to date have accurately and prospectively compared middle-term clinical outcomes after anterior and posterior decompression for CSM.
Methods. We prospectively performed LAMP (n = 50) in 1996, 1998, 2000, and 2002, and ADF (n = 45) in 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, recovery rate, and each item of the JOA score were evaluated. For radiographic evaluation, the lordotic angle
and range of motion (ROM) at C2-C7 and residual anterior compression to the spinal cord (ACS) after LAMP on magnetic resonance imaging were investigated.
Results. Eighty-six patients (ADF n = 39; LAMP n = 47) could be followed for more than 5 years (follow-up rate 91.5%). Demographics were similar between the two groups. The mean JOA score and recovery rate in the ADF group were superior to those in the LAMP group from 2-year data collected after surgery. However, LAMP was safer and less invasive than ADF with respect to physical status and complications in the perioperative period. For individual items of the JOA score, the ADF group showed significantly more improvement of upper extremity motor function than the LAMP group (P < 0.05).