The fermentation of glucose yielded butyrate, acetate, propionate, H2, and CO2 as major products [2]. Also, fructose, D-mannose and maltose are utilized and methionine is transformed to methylmercaptan [2]. Penicillin, tetracycline, cycloserine, chloramphenicol (each at 100 ��g/ml selleck culture) or sodium azide (500 ��g/ml) completely inhibit the growth of H. praevalens [2]. Strain GSLT was also able to degrade nitro-substituted aromatic compounds such as nitrobenzene, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitroaniline [34]. The fatty acid synthetase of H. praevalens is only slightly inhibited at 17.5% and was the first reported to be active in the presence of high salt concentrations [12]. H.

praevalens was reported to be involved in carbon sequestration in the Great Salt Lake [35], since it is present in the sediments of this lake in high numbers (�� 108 cells/ml) [2,36]. H. praevalens regulates its internal osmotic pressure by the accumulation of salts (Na+, K+, Cl-) rather than by compatible solutes [36]. High concentrations of these salts were measured inside the cells, in sufficient concentration to be isotonic or hypertonic with the medium [37]. Thiosulfate reduction and rhodanese-like enzyme (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfur-transferase) activities also tested positive in strain GSLT [8]. Early in 1987, Matheson et al. [38] established the primary structure of the ribosomal A-protein of the strain GSLT, which is the equivalent to the ribosomal protein L12 from Escherichia coli. Figure 2 Scanning electron micrograph of H.

praevalens GSLT Table 1 Classification and general features of H. praevalens GSLT according to the MIGS recommendations [21] and the NamesforLife database [22]. Chemotaxonomy When grown on CS medium, at 5% NaCl, more lipids are produced than at 25% NaCl (3.74% and 2.54% of the dry weight of the organism, respectively) [2]. At 5% NaCl, the fractions of glycolipids and phospholipids are 46.9% and 44.5% of the total lipids, respectively. At 25%, the proportion changes in favor of phospholipids (49.1%), whereas glycolipids decrease (43.0%) [2]. The glycolipids consist of a single component diacylglycerol derivative, while the phospholipids consist mainly of cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), and three minor unidentified constituents Carfilzomib [2]. When grown on CS medium, at 5%, the major fatty acids are C14:0 (49.3%), C16:1 (31.3%) and C16:0 (11.4%). At 25%, these fractions change to 36.8%, 39%, and 22.7%, respectively. Similar though more detailed results on the fatty acid composition have been reported recently [6].