“
“While recommendations for the duration, frequency, mode and OSI-744 molecular weight intensity of exercise programmes for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are specified in consensus statements, criteria for exercise session attendance are less clear. The review questions were: (i) how commonly are a priori criteria and attendance rates reported for people with COPD participating in exercise programmes and (ii) what is the strength of association between attendance and improvements in functional exercise capacity. Database searches identified primary studies of people with COPD participating in exercise or pulmonary rehabilitation programmes

of at least 2 weeks duration. Primary outcomes were a priori criteria for attendance, reports of attendance at supervised exercise sessions and mean improvements in functional exercise assessments. Data extraction processes were confirmed prospectively (>80% agreement). Variants of exercise attendance data were described. Linear associations between attendance and improvements in exercise outcomes

were explored (Pearson r, P<0.05). Of the 234 included studies, 86 (37%) reported attendance and 29 (12%) provided a priori criteria for attendance. In the small sample of studies which reported attendance and functional exercise data before and after the intervention, there was little to no relationship between improvements this website in functional exercise capacity and training volume (prescribed r=-0.03, P=0.88; attended r=-0.24, P=0.18). Reporting of exercise programme attendance rates is low and SGC-CBP30 in vitro of variable quality for people with COPD. Consistent and explicit reporting of exercise attendance in people with COPD will enable calculation of dose-response relationships and determine the value of a priori exercise attendance criteria.”
“BACKGROUND

Successful varicose vein surgery

depends on accurate assessment and identification of veins. We report clinical experiences with a simple, rapid method of detecting varicose veins using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence video venography.

PATIENTS AND METHOD

ICG percutaneously injected into the great saphenous vein at the ankle or into the ligated end of veins in 20 patients with varicose veins was used as the optical tracer agent. Intraoperative ICG imaging was performed using a laser-fluorescence imaging device.

RESULTS

ICG fluorescence venography was performed without any adverse effects. The imaging device provides unparalleled visualization of varicose veins during vein ligation, phlebectomy, and stripping.

CONCLUSION

This method enabled easy, safe, and accurate diagnoses, simplified the search for veins during the operation, and minimized surgical invasiveness in varicose vein surgery. The system has great potential as a navigational technique for phlebologic diagnosis and treatment of varicose veins. Further research and development to improve its utility are suggested.