In this algorithm, beacon trajectory is defined as the track of depth-first selleck compound traversal (DFT) of the network graph, which thus is deterministic. The mobile beacon performed DFT dynamically, under the instruction of nearby sensors on the fly. It moved from sensor to sensor in an intelligent heuristic manner according to received signal strength (RSS) based distance measurements. It was proved that DREAMS guarantees full localization (every sensor is localized) when the measurements are noise free. In the same year, Chang et al. [37] proposed the first study that applies the mobile anchor to improve the location inaccuracy under the condition that all sensors are with different sizes of estimative regions. In 2013, a range-free localization mechanism with ring overlapping by utilizing mobile anchors was proposed by Chen et al.
[38]. Since the mobile anchor and the reference node know their own locations, the B-rings, in which the blind node is located, can be precisely derived. Therefore, by overlapping the B-rings, the proposed mechanism can obtain good location estimation for the blind node. Besides, two movement schemes, BTS and ESS, for mobile anchor are also proposed. The proposed scheme has better accuracy than other existing related schemes including ROCRSSI scheme, Centroid scheme, and PBCC scheme.However, we see that almost all of the algorithms above rarely refer to the three-dimensional localization, since the localization in three-dimensional environments is more complex. According to this blankness, this paper proposes a novel three-dimensional localization scheme based on mobile beacon called HL (hexahedral localization).
It is able to locate without any additional hardware and reach the relative high accuracy.3. The Design of HLIn this section, the train of thought about the HL is described. The design of HL is inspired by literature [34]. Firstly, the experiment on RSSI versus Distance is made. Then, we present our new scheme. At last, we optimize the scheme.3.1. The Experiment of RSSI versus DistanceAs the most popular parameter used in the localization process, RSSI has the advantage of low cost and convenient operation. Theoretically, RSSI obeys the following formula [39]:PL(d)=?32.44?20log?fc?20log?d.(1)PL(d) is the RSSI according to the distance of d, and fc is the carrier frequency. From the formula above, we can get that the RSSI decreases as d increases.
Similar literature [34], we observe the interesting regularity. As shown in Figure 1, we deploy 11 TELOSB motes on the campus to observe the RSSI that the node on longitudinal axis receives from which is on the transverse axis. We are surprised to find that the data could plot into a curve as shown in Figure Brefeldin_A 1. The only difference between our research and literature [34] is the length of the transverse axis. In fact, it is unnecessary to study the width which is too large for the inaccurate RSSI.Figure 1The experimental environment and result.