It has been rarely reported in preterm infants. Herein, we report two cases of harlequin color change developed in premature infants without any adverse consequences. During the event, one infant was receiving antibiotic treatment for an Escherichia coli bacteremia in addition to routine supportive care and the other one was in a very stable condition. Both preterm infants were also diagnosed to have a patent ductus arteriosus. As a benign transient skin change, harlequin color change should be recognized properly to avoid unnecessary treatment.”
“Background: Haemorrhage remains a complication of flexible

bronchoscopy. Nepicastat datasheet Objectives: We aimed to measure the actual blood loss in patients Combretastatin A4 at low risk of bleeding and to assess its association with the underlying pulmonary pathology, superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, procedure(s) performed and laboratory values. Methods: We screened all patients scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy and enrolled 234 subjects over 18 months. Subjects with a history

of haemorrhagic tendency, platelets < 20 x 10(3)/mu l, a history of anti-coagulation or anti-platelet therapy and a history or clinical evidence of liver failure were excluded. Blood loss during the procedure was measured from aspirated secretions with a haemoglobin detector and categorised into minimal (< 5 ml), mild (5-20 ml), moderate (20-100 ml) and severe bleeding (> 100 ml). Results: Overall, 210 subjects had minimal, 19 had mild and 5 had moderate bleeding. No subject experienced severe blood loss. Patients with SVC syndrome had the highest GPCR Compound Library high throughput mean blood loss (6.0 ml) when compared to bronchogenic carcinoma without SVC syndrome (p = 0.033)

and other diagnosis (p = 0.026). The blood loss with trans-bronchial needle aspiration (TBNA, mean 3.4 ml) was significantly less than with TBNA combined with endobronchial or transbronchial biopsy (mean 5.0 ml, p < 0.001). Anaemia, a platelet count of 25-155 x 10(3)/mu l and an international normalized ratio of > 1.3 were not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Conclusions: We found no severe bleeding in this cohort preselected to have a low clinical risk of bleeding. Moreover, our data suggest that clinical screening and a platelet count >= 20 x 10(3)/mu l alone may be sufficient to identify low-risk patients. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Background: Human CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 play important roles in metabolic activation of many pulmonary carcinogens and thus their expression and distribution may determine the pulmonary susceptibility to metabolically activated carcinogens and the following lung cancer development. Because of the 93.5% of amino acid identity between CYP2A6 and CYP2A13, generation of antibodies specific to CYP2A6 or CYP2A13 has limited immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 levels in the respiratory tract.